O God, grant a listening ear to the kings of the Muslim governments, to the presidents of the Muslim governments, to the members of parliaments of Muslim governments, to the prime ministers and ministers of Muslim governments, to the heads of the universities of Muslim governments, to the employers and employees of Muslim governments.

O God, place them amongst those who listen to all that is said and choose the best of it.

In this short time, and because of the chest pains from which I

am suffering, I cannot convey all that has been on my mind; but I will talk about the important matters. I am deeply distressed about the general situation of the Islamic countries, and especially about the situation in Iran. The Muslim governments, whether led by Muslim kings, Muslim presidents or prime ministers, under the influence of imperialism are ignorant of the aims of the Islamic religion. They are not aware of Islamic affairs. They do not want to be aware of the Islamic laws. They cannot, in their present situation, be aware of what Islam has brought for humanity and to what heights mankind will reach if the tenets of Islam are obeyed.

The imperialist governments, those governments that seek to plunder the wealth of Muslims, deceive the Islamic countries, the heads of Islamic countries, through different means and numerous tricks. Sometimes they create differences in the name of Shi`a and Sunni. Even in the East those who are not Muslims have been deceived. It has been said that in India on the Festival of Sacrifices a large number of cows, which are sacred for the cow worshippers, are brought to the Muslims and sold to them very cheaply. They make them slaughter these cows and then they tell them: "The Muslims have slaughtered your sacred cows." Disturbances are created between Hindus and Muslims, between the Indian sects, resulting in disputes which attract a lot of attention. They use these disputes to devour the East. Acting in the name of Islam and religion, they spread ideas amongst the Muslim sects in the Islamic countries, they sow dissension so that the Muslim sects start fighting each other, so that they discover differences between the Shi`a and the Sunni. Thus, they find a way to get their hands on the wealth of the Muslims, and the Muslims cannot do anything about it.

The Muslims are those whose greatness once conquered the world. Their civilisation excelled all others; their spirituality was of the highest calibre; their officials were the best; the vastness of their lands was greater than all others; the power of their government dominated the world. They {the imperialists} saw that with this power, with this unity of the Islamic lands, they could not impose whatever they wanted on them; they could not seize their wealth, their black gold and their yellow gold, so they thought of a solution. The solution was to create divisiveness between the Islamic countries. Maybe some of you remember the international war, the First World War, and what they did with the Muslims and the great Ottoman State. The Ottoman State was that state which would sometimes prevail in its conflicts with Russia, while other governments could not stand up to her. The Ottoman State was an Islamic state, whose power spread almost from East to West. They realised that as long as this Islamic state with such power existed, they could not do anything, they could not rob the region of its wealth. So after their victory in the First World War, under those circumstances, they divided the Ottoman State into a number of petty states. At the head of each of these states they placed a king, an amir, a sultan or a president, and each of these was in the grip of the imperialists just as the helpless nation was in their grip. In this way, they destroyed the Ottoman State which had such greatness; and the Muslim governments did not stir from their slumber, or they pretended to be still asleep.

This Ottoman State acquired such greatness under the patronage of the Islamic leadership {khilafa} and by relying on the Holy Qur'an. After it was divided, in our time, at the time of the evil Ataturk, they destroyed Islam there and now the Turkish government is not a Muslim government, it does not take Islam into account, there are no religious ceremonies. The government does not have religious laws, but the noble nation of Turkey is a Muslim nation, and it is they who circumambulate the Ka`aba in Mecca at the time of the pilgrimage in relatively larger numbers than pilgrims from other nations. Yet, their government is such a government.

That former greatness was acquired by relying on Islam, and when the imperialists saw that reliance on Islam was a very important element, that with this reliance they could not destroy the Muslim governments, they separated religion from the state in Turkey with the result that now, when some of the Turks are killed in Cyprus, there is not one Muslim who expresses sorrow. It is distressing when a government acts in such a way and other Muslim governments are indifferent when it is defeated by the Christians or some of its people are killed by them. You may only find one person who expresses sorrow, someone like an old akhund like me.

The governments of Islamic countries do not express sadness because they have lost the greatness of Islam. The leaders of the Islamic countries should bear in mind that the differences that are created in Iraq, Iran and other Islamic countries are differences which will destroy their existence. They should act wisely and prudently and realise that the imperialists want to destroy Islam in the name of religion and in the name of Islam. The wicked hands that create differences between the Shi`as and Sunnis in these countries, belong to neither Shi`a nor Sunni. They are the hands of the imperialist agents who want to seize the Islamic countries from them. They want to take their resources and create a black market for these so-called advanced countries. They want to create a market in the East for the things that they have an excess of, that they normally throw away, throw into the sea, and the East buys them at a good price, at a satisfactory price. It was in the Ittila`at newspaper a few days ago that the amount of food the Americans waste in three days, the amount which they throw away, is equivalent to the amount of food the whole of the Chinese nation, 650 million people, use in a day! Three days wastage of American food, just the leftovers that they normally throw away, 650 million people can use in one day. So why shouldn't they bring the East under their own power, why shouldn't they subjugate them so they can sell their refuse to the East at a suitable price and turn it into gold and take the gold back? Why shouldn't they do this?

Our governments, the Muslim governments, do not pay attention to these matters, they do not understand what happens to them, they do not realise that by neglecting the Qur'an and no longer relying on Islamic laws these disadvantages come about. The imperialists weaken the Muslim governments with the creation of religious differences so they can take away their ideology and religion. I seek refuge with God.

Shouldn't the heads of the Muslim governments, the presidents, the Muslim kings, the ministers and members of parliament of the Muslim governments, be vigilant?

Really don't they know what is happening, or do they know but their desire for rank and office compels them to follow orders?

You sirs, do you believe that those who are aware of the course of events, or claim to be, have not understood this simple matter that one Sayyid from Khomein has understood? Do you think that this is possible? If they have understood it, God forbid, they are either besotted by them or there is fear involved. Why should they be afraid? They are afraid because they have been divided into groups. The Ottoman state which covered such a vast area has been divided into how many states? Each one of them smaller than the next. They have put the poor people, this multimillion nation, under the yoke of a few godless people and then they colonise them and these heads of state abase their own nation. Shouldn't these Muslim governments wake up? What misfortune have they experienced because of Islam?

The West has used one great deception to influence, tempt or intimidate the governments of Islamic countries. We can see it in our newspapers and magazines, in their propaganda and in their radio broadcasts; that great deceit which debases the Muslim governments and distances them from the Qur'an is this race business. This man is from the race of Turks, he has to do his ritual prayers in Turkish. This one is from the Iranian race, his alphabet should be as such. That one is from the Arab race, Arabism should govern not Islam. The Aryan race should govern not Islam. The Turkish race should govern not Islam. Let us see where this racism, which is being developed amongst these men and is increasing and is encouraged, leads us. This racism is a childish affair and it is as if they are making children play their games. They are making the heads of the governments play their games. You are Iranian, sir. You are Turkish, sir. You, sir, are Indonesian. Sir, what are you, where are you from? We should do such and such for our own country!

They say all this and ignore that pivotal point which existed in the lives of all Muslims. Alas, alas, that pivotal point has been taken away from the Muslims and they are still distancing them from it, and I don't know where it will lead to.

Islam came and drew a red line across racism and allowed no differentiation between black and white, between Turk and Iranian, between Arab and non-Arab. The only distinction it made between men stemmed from piety, fearing God, true devoutness, political piety, material piety and spiritual piety. This is the difference that was established:

 

"Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of God is he who is the most pious."

There are no Turks and Iranians, Arabs and non-Arabs. Islam is the pivotal point for all Muslims. The matter of racism is retrogressive, these men see us as reactionaries, but they are retrogressing to two thousand five hundred years ago. Are we the reactionaries?

Why should the Muslim governments be ignorant of these matters?

Why should these kinds of revolutions be created in each of these countries?

Why should fronts be created between Muslim governments?

One lot forms a "Triple Alliance" against the other and the other creates another alliance against them, and each of them curses the other. Shouldn't they wake up?

The Muslim kings who think of themselves so highly, shouldn't they pay attention to these matters?

The Muslim presidents who have taken complete control of the Islamic countries, shouldn't they wake up?

Are these things of which I speak untrue? Don't they accept this reality that I am telling them with deep sorrow?

One of the realities is that they encourage animosity between the Muslim governments, arraying one group against the other, and how they equip their armies on the borders! Now, as I speak to you, I have been informed that the Turks have massed 200,000 troops on one of their borders.

Why?

With whom do they have a quarrel?

Why are the Muslims fighting one another?

What has made the Muslims fight amongst themselves other than the hands of imperialism?

If you remove the hands of imperialism from the Muslim governments then you will see what kind of government takes control, what kind of government comes into being. Protect your borders all of you. If it is supposed to be an Islamic government, if Islam is supposed to govern, then all the borders will be protected. There won't be one government attacking another. They will all be Muslim, they will all be united under the banner of Islam. The reason why you see this government attacking the other, this one sending arms for that one's army and that one sending arms for the other one's army is because they are not united under the banner of Islam.

It is misfortunate for the Muslim governments, for the Muslim countries and nations, that the imperialists began laying their plans many years ago. For a long time, the imperialist governments were busy trying to belittle the prophet of Islam. Then they endeavoured to propagate the idea that Islamic laws belong to a thousand years ago, and now such and such has happened and the country has progressed and etc., etc..... and now Islam cannot satisfy the needs of the nations. Sirs, what have you seen of Islam? All your media, all your television programmes, all your radio broadcasts, all your discourses, all your speeches in the Parliament are aimed at smashing the laws of Islam. If you do not do this purposely and have no evil intentions, then you have been made to do it, they have either threatened, enticed or deceived you. God willing, you have been deceived, and treason is not involved. You do not allow us to introduce Islam to the world.

Only three or four days ago I received a letter from one of the students in America. I am not acquainted with him personally, but apparently he is a religious person who is distressed at the existing situation. He wrote that unfortunately the students, the university students there {in America} say that all our misfortunes stem from Islam. O you misfortunate students! The Islam that is introduced to you from the radio is not Islam. The Islam that you get from the newspapers is not Islam. That Islam which has been introduced to you is defective, it's something that none of the Muslims accept. I do not accept it, and the other clergymen do not accept it. This is not Islam. They do not let us introduce (true) Islam.

In this country, the television is independent and is controlled by an Israeli. He says whatever he wants. The radio too, they produce its programmes and its advertisements, and what good use they put it to! Not just in this country, in all Islamic countries; I am talking about all Islamic countries but I keep coming back to our own country.

One of the ruses of the imperialists is to introduce Islam as an old defective truth in the Islamic countries. The heads of these countries say that Islam is "worshipping the old," it's "retrogressive"; this is how they introduce Islam to the people. Give us one radio transmitter so our preachers can introduce Islam to the world. Our voice does not reach the world. Our words do not leave this mosque. All this that I am saying now, and which is reasoned and rational, is illegal, it is smuggled out of this mosque. No one knows which of these men will be arrested when he leaves here and which one will be left alone. No one knows where these tape recorders (which the people bring with them to record the speech) will be seized.

We are not speaking out against somebody here, we are speaking about the welfare of Islam and Muslims. This is not a tirade levelled at one person, it is a sermon meant to offer advice and it is directed at everyone. Its aim is to do good. God knows we want your well being. So then give us a radio transmitter as well. Let the Muslims organise a radio transmitter themselves and I guarantee that it will not be entirely to your detriment. Yes, this idea conflicts with the interests of the big bosses and they do not and will not allow this to happen. Here, somebody "worse than a Jew" should control the television and propagate whatever he wishes, yet we are not free to propagate our ideas! "Oh no, these reactionaries should not speak," is what they say, but where is the reaction? All we are saying is that you should be united; all Muslims should be united; we do not have relations with that one, with you, nor with anybody else, and yet we have relations with everybody. We see you all as being the same. All Muslims, in our view, if they act upon Islamic laws, are dear to us. We hold dear the nation of Islam, whether it be Turkish, Arab, Iranian, or from any other country, Africa, America or wherever. We are saying join hands together; do not make a triple front and join Israel against another alliance, and the other Muslim countries too should not make an alliance against you. You should all form one alliance, you are all Muslims, you should rely on the Qur'an. But you do not know what the Qur'an is. All you do is put the Qur'an into your pocket! I don't have a Qur'an in my pocket, yet all the officials have a Qur'an in their pockets! They seem to show a greater interest in the Qur'an than we do! Do you really believe in the Qur'an? You just want to deceive us. Whenever you stand up to speak you take the Qur'an out and hold it up high for all to see. You put the Qur'an in your pocket and you want to destroy it.

Now, are we being reactionary when we say that all of you should form one alliance, that you should stop them from plundering your resources? More important than the underground resources are those which lie above the ground: our youth. They are taking our youth, God knows they are taking the youth from the Islamic countries. One group is in America, one somewhere else and another I don't know where! And now our youth are going to Israel. I have in my house at present a journal; the journal of the Iranian Students Organisation in Israel. It exists now. These youth are our resources. Our youth are being deceived. They are being injected with the idea that whatever misfortune befalls their people comes from Islam.

What have you seen of Islam that you say Islam brings misfortune? You have seen the Muslims here who are a poor, unfortunate, beggared people - and the government proclaims loudly that, praise be to God, nobody goes to sleep hungry - praise be to God, I hope that this is so! But do these words change the reality? Does that which was reported about the southern ports of the country a short while ago in Ittila`at - and Ittila`at is the government's official mouthpiece - change the reality? This will not change anything. These poor students of ours, they have seen that here the Muslims are hungry, helpless and misfortunate, their mosques are dilapidated, their places of worship are such and such. Then when they go to America and visit a church or a synagogue, they see that it is all neat and tidy, everything well-kept, everything just right, and they think that it is the laws of the Bible or the Torah that have brought these people to this stage, while the laws of Islam have kept the Muslims back. No, it is the governments of the Islamic countries which have made us like this. These poor, deceived governments have brought us to this. They say that Islam is like this.

There was a time when Islam held sovereignty over half of the world and was progressing farther and farther. Gustav Lebon, in his book, The Civilisation of Islam, looks at the Islamic civilisation from a materialistic point of view; he doesn't know what Islam is. He believes neither in Jesus nor in Islam. He understands civilisation to consist of the pillars of ancient buildings, just as our children do.

So when our youth go abroad, they see all the ceremonies, all the magnificence, they see the Vatican in all its splendour, while all our mosques are dilapidated and impoverished, and they think this is because of Islam. This has not come about because of Islam, the heads of the Islamic states have brought this about. The heads of the Islamic states who are under the domination of the imperialists have done this to us. They have given our resources to others and we have become unfortunate, impoverished and hungry.

It is said that there (in the West), the great heads of state attend religious ceremonies on Sundays. Do you ever see any of our Muslim leaders in the mosque? Can you find them there at all? Yes, sometimes you can when his father dies or his brother dies or something else happens and he struts through the mosque on a fleeting visit. But this is not what going to the mosque is all about. Do they ever come to attend the daily prayer services? Over there, their presidents and kings attend the prayer services, and these are the services of a religion which today is nothing compared to what it was. They think that the Christian religion is that which exists today. Of course, at its own time it was right. Look at that which exists today of the Christian religion and Christian laws, you students study Christianity, study what that is and what the Qur'an is. Study what the Christian laws are and what the Islamic laws are. The Islamic laws run into the millions; there are millions of Islamic laws which cover everything. There is not a single topic in human life for which Islam has not provided instruction and established a norm. In Islam a law exists for it even before it happens. Whatever happens Islam has a law for it, even today. Is this a religion which is "worshipping the old" and "defective"? Are all our misfortunes created by Islam?

It is the Muslim leaders who create our afflictions. These helpless heads of state who pay no attention to the welfare of their own nations, or who simply do not want to pay attention. They are the cause of our wretchedness. They have created dark days for our people. And still they don't leave us alone; they continue to make problems for us.

These things of which I speak refer to matters which are the concern of the governments of the Islamic countries, and this is as much as I, as a member of the clergy and a theologian, can offer by way of advice to the Muslim governments. I hope this advice reaches them.

These are important matters; it is imperative that the Muslim governments pay heed to them. I hope that they come to understand this and that they create a real Islamic union. They should set some of their desires aside and extend the hand of brotherhood to one another. One shouldn't be superior to the other, they should be brothers, united against the West. They shouldn't be xenomaniacs, smitten by the West. The governments of the East should stand up to the West; even the Buddhists should stand up to the West. They should push the West back and then create a stable government and a peaceful society amongst themselves. All the countries should retain their statehood, but none should act aggressively against the other. All should be as brothers. If they are attacked by others, they should all form a united front and go forward together. If all the Muslims unite, no government can defeat them. It is wrong to think that the West has this and that. No, this is not the case. You do not have the courage to stand up to the West, you have been deceived.

When it comes to our own country, however, we cannot talk about the problems which afflict it in one or two days. The governments come and go, and each government creates a party. One makes a "People's Party" {Hizb-i Mardom}, one such and such a party; one makes the "Modern Iran Party" {Hizb-i Iran Novin}, and the other such and such a party. They are just creating parties all the time. Political parties have no meaning in Iran. A one party state has no meaning anywhere in the world except in those countries which are like Iran. A party which is forced upon us has no meaning.

They take the identity cards off the people of the villages. Go to these villages and see for yourselves, they take their identity cards off them and register them in the party. The poor person who has been registered doesn't even know what "Modern Iran" means let alone understand its charter. This poor person doesn't even know what a charter is. All that these irreligious people want from these poor souls is to gather them in a place and make them shout, "hurray" and "long live." This is all they want from these poor people.

In those countries which espouse a multi-party system, the governments are created from the parties. The government doesn't come before the party is formed and then the latter finds itself dependent on the former! But here, well you can see for yourselves, first the government is formed, and there is no relationship between the government and the Parliament, or the government and you and I. First the government is formed and then they say - and these are their words, not mine - "we came upon orders and we'll go upon orders, and nobody can do a damn thing about it!" No member of the Parliament can do a damn thing about it; not one of them dares to either. First the government is formed, and when it has gained control, then the party is formed. And then that party becomes the one from which the government was formed! Thus, our government is a party government! The government of these men represents a party system!

Sir, who are you trying to fool?

I as an akhund know what is really going on, don't you think that the world governments also know!?

They actually want you to be like this; they want you to be backward. Cast off this backwardness. Protect your country's greatness. If you want to form a party, form it before your government is formed, and then let your party propose representatives for the Parliament the way that they should be proposed, according to the Constitution and other laws. The ministers and Prime Minister should be selected from the representatives that have been proposed by the party and elected by the people. Then you have a party system, a system which depends on the choice of the people. But you form the government first. First you appoint your Prime Minister then you form the party; and this is supposed to be the party system!? The newspapers cannot write about these things, they might want to, but you do not let them. We, however, are theologians, we do not have the same concerns as the newspapers. If the government wants to bother us then we are ready once more.

They put on such a show, a show of parties, just what we are witnessing now. Everyday they set off somewhere at the expense of this misfortunate nation. This hungry nation......God knows that sometimes when I think about our future, when I think about what next winter will bring, it saddens me, it saddens us all. Will the people have bread this year or won't they? This year our food situation is not good. There isn't even enough fodder for the animals. What will happen in this black winter for this misfortunate, poor nation? I don't know what will happen. Is the government going to do something about it?

Now that they have ruined the agriculture they should at least get the agricultural goods from the black market which has come into being and fill the stomachs of these poor souls. Or should they still sleep with an empty stomach, and should it still be said that there is not another person who goes to sleep hungry!?

Everyday a number of these people come to me, to me who is in no position to do anything about this problem. This is the state of the party system in Iran; this is the state of the Iranian Parliament which we all know about; this is the state of their relations with Israel. When one of the country's top-ranking officials met me he told me that the Israeli problem was finished with, it was over and done with, it didn't exist any more. How powerful they are in lying! They are so powerful that they even deceive me who is careful and vigilant. He told me that the Israeli problem is solved and now that Israel is finished with in Iran, now as I am sitting here speaking to you, many of the good farms of Iran are in the hands of Israel! People have written to me from Ilam and told me that the good farms of this place have been given to Israel for farming sugar beets, and at the side of the road, these people who say we have nothing to do with Israel have placed a sign which reads: the Iran-Israel Joint Farming Project. In an Israeli newspaper which was given to me recently, it was written about the Israeli ambassador in Tehran! And they say that we have nothing to do with Israel! A couple of days ago on September 7 (Shahrivar 16 AHS) in the Darvaz-i Doulat district of Tehran, the Jews created such a hullabaloo. Four or five hundred thieving Jews gathered together, and all that their speeches boiled down to was a eulogy to one and a tirade against another, and then they proclaimed that greatness belongs to the Jews, the Jews are chosen by God, we are a people who should govern, we are against dictatorship, we are against Hitlerism, and so on and so forth. This was the content of their speeches. These people come with the full knowledge of our government and openly say these things. Well, if dictatorship is prohibited and they are against it.....well, why don't you stop them? Don't let them say these things. They say all these things just for the sake of praising one person and abusing somebody else.

It's wrong for a country to rely on the Jews. Is this that we say now very bad? Of course it's a bitter pill to swallow, it's bitter for you. Nevertheless, it is disastrous for an Islamic country, for Muslims, to rely on, to have relations or make agreements with a government which is now the enemy of Islam, which opposes Islam and has usurped Palestine.

I ask the Muslim governments, why do you fight over ? The land of Palestine has been usurped. O you hopriverseless ones, you should be throwing the Jews out of Palestine, instead you are fighting each other! Palestine has been usurped and you are squabbling over a river! While you dispute over a river, the Israelis have established a government in Palestine. They have driven those misfortunate Arabs out, and now a million or more of them are sleeping in deserts, hungry and bereft. They have become completely homeless and wretched.

Shouldn't the Muslim governments raise any objections?

Shouldn't they say something?

Should you enter into an alliance with a government which has thrown one million Muslims out of their homeland and made them homeless?

If you have not formed an alliance with them, well announce that you haven't in your newspapers, allow that which I am saying now to be published. If you refuse to do so, then obviously you have aligned yourselves with them, you have aligned yourselves with the Jews, with Israel!

You see what the agents of Israel do in this country. Recently, I heard that now, because the regime has asked me not to say anything, I won't say anything. The government officials have said that they've corrected it. Well, last night on the radio they spoke about this matter and announced that it won't be changed. But I don't believe a lot of what they say. It takes me a while to believe them. When they found out that I intended to preach today they said that this matter (the pledge of allegiance) has been corrected and shouldn't be spoken about. This is what they said on the radio last night as well. But I don't believe them; and if they don't prove it to me I'll return another day to speak about this matter again.

These people, these Israeli agents in Iran, wherever you look in the country they are there. They occupy all the key posts, the sensitive posts in the country, and this, by God, could prove to be dangerous for the throne of this man. They do not realise this. It was these people who plotted in Shemiran (a district in northern Tehran) to kill Nasir al-Din Shah and take control of the country. Look at history, it relates how they plotted, how a few people tried to assassinate Nasir al-Din Shah in Niavaran, and how a group of people in Tehran tried to seize power. These people think that they should govern. They have written in their books, in their articles, that governance belongs to them, that they should create a new monarchy, a new government, a just government. These people who have such malicious ideas and evil intentions are found throughout the country from the court down. Sir, you should be afraid of these people, they are such animals. Some of them can be found in the ministries. I pointed one of them out to one of the ministers and he told me I was mistaken. Then I sent him documented evidence to prove my claim, but the man, I shall not mention his dirty name, is still there. They are in the ministries and they are in the army.

O you respected army personnel, you are Muslim, hit these people in the mouth!

A lot of the army leaders are good people and they sometimes contact me, they send messages to me. Most of them are good people, and so they should intervene and stop these people who are against their religion, who are against their throne and crown, their country, their independence, their economy. You have to stop them. Go and ask that they be thrown out of the army, ask your superiors to throw them out.

I swear to God I want your well-being. I am worried that one day you will open your eyes and see that they have destroyed your wealth, your being. I'm worried about this. If you will not stop them, then let us destroy them. I shall destroy them one day. I do not want to create disturbances. If you do not want to have trouble you should destroy them yourself; if you do not, you'll see that one day something else happens in some other way and at that time neither I can stop them nor you. This is the situation that we are faced with; you see it and we see it. I don't know what we should do about it or how we should put it right.

The way to ameliorate the country is to correct its culture. The correction must start with the culture. The hands of imperialism are very active in our culture. They do not let our youth grow up to be independent; they do not let our youth at the universities develop correctly. They do something to them from childhood so that when they grow up, Islam means nothing to them and they (the West) mean everything. If the culture is put right, the country is put right. For it's the culture which creates the ministers for the ministries; it's the culture which creates the representatives for the Parliament; it's the culture which creates the office workers. Either create an independent culture or give it to us to create. You are afraid of America; you are afraid of others. Give it to us to correct. Give us control of the culture.

Now the government wants to create an Endowment Ministry! It thinks it can copy the practices of other countries and bring the clergy under the authority of this ministry. You will take this dream to the grave with you, (God willing).

Do you think that you can make the Muslim clergy become like the Christian clergy?

It's impossible. The Shi'i clergy are independent, they do not depend on any country. Let them come forward and tell (the world) whom they depend on. This is an independent clergy. We do not have to worry as to whether these respected  religious students, who live with only thirty or forty tumans each month and work very hard, are supporters of another government or country. They are independent in their own ideas. It is amongst these people that human beings are found, that the Mudarrises of this world are found. They won't let this happen. We won't be brought under this and that minister. To hell with what that minister says. The government is mistaken, it is mistaken once again.

There should be a Ministry of Culture, but a ministry of correct culture, a culture which should be in our hands.

Shouldn't we have a ministry in this country?

All the ministers are from America, well, one should be from us. Put the culture in our hands. We'll appoint somebody as the Minister of Culture and we'll administer it ourselves. If we do not administer it better than you after ten or fifteen years, sack us. Give it to us to handle for a time. Appoint a Minister of Culture from amongst us and give us some time so we can do the job right. Then you'll see whether we tell you not to study, not to study well, not to travel to the skies. By God, you are not able to do these things, and because you cannot do them you say it is the clergy who do not let you. You tell me who is stopping you. Build your foundry. Which clergyman told you not to? Whoever he is tell us, so we know him. Start building your aeroplanes and your cars. Sir, you are not able to do these things. You poor people. You are a hopeless administration.

Why?

It's not because you are intrinsically hopeless, it's because the hands of imperialism have made you like this. You are xenomaniacs.

Is that which we say so outdated and time-worn that nobody will buy it any more?

I promise you that even Germany will buy it. You don't buy it. Give us a ministry. Give us a few hours on the radio; this radio which is driving our youth towards moral corruption with music and other things. Give us a few hours but leave us free to do it our way. Do not write the programme yourself and then tell us to speak in such and such a way. We'll prepare the programme and I promise you that it won't oppose your kingdom, your ministry or your leadership. It won't oppose any of them.

If only the Ministry of Culture and the radio transmitters were in our hands for a short while. We would introduce the people and the world to Islamic laws and Islam. We would make the culture an independent culture, an Islamic culture, a culture that when one of its Arabs stands in front of the emperor he takes out his sword and pushes aside the fine silk and says: "The Prophet has said that we should not wear silk clothes nor sit on silk." We nurture such men. Then you'll see when one such man is nurtured by our school of thought and by our culture whether or not he will fall under the influence of imperialism. But the imperialists won't allow us to do this. The malicious hands of imperialism won't let them give us the Ministry of Culture. Otherwise, it is our right, we should see to the culture.

If you want to create an Endowment Ministry, then we should organise it, not you. We should appoint people for it, we do not accept your appointees. You are not eligible to appoint people for it, we have to do it. Let us select the head of cultural affairs. Let us select the Endowment Minister, then you'll see what will happen: everything will be as it should be, it will not be as it is now with all these misappropriations. Then you'll see how we eliminate this poverty with these very same endowments. Submit to a few Islamic laws, give us permission to take Islamic taxes off the people, just as Islam took it off them by the sword, then you'll see if there remains one poor person (in this country). We'll build roads for you, we'll buy ships for you, just let us handle the religious endowments. But you won't allow it.

I know that this that I say now falls on deaf ears. Nothing will happen. You people will leave here and I will leave too and nothing will happen. They won't do anything about this matter. This is a pain which we all have to suffer. What should we do?

The country's propaganda mechanisms should be controlled by us. Sir, we are the preachers, we are the ones with a message, not you. We should be given a programme on the radio to convey our ideas, to propagate our message. Whatever you propagate is not Islamic propaganda, it is anti-Islamic. You have introduced Islam in such a way that an {Iranian} student in America writes to me saying that the other students over there believe that all misfortunes stem from Islam. O misfortunate students. All our miseries are caused by the heads of Islamic states, the Muslim governments. As God is my witness, Islam has not been put into practice in our country, even for one day.

So what can I do now that the government has neither the time nor the energy to discuss such things? As soon as it is known that I want to say a few words, suddenly we see that a few thousand people are sent with the National Bus Company to Qum.

Do you have a quarrel with us, sir?

Do you want to force a quarrel between us and the National Bus Company?

Take away this knife which you hold at its throat and see how it comes out in support of us.

Do you want to administer a country through force?

By God, you cannot do it through force.

Reform yourself a little. Put your house in order just a little. Now, when we call for reform, the gentlemen say they have already reformed! One of their great reforms was making Friday a public  eholiday. Take heed of what I say, you are duty bound to letverybody in Iran know that Friday has been made a holiday by force without the poor hungry shopkeeper wanting it. If they do not close on that day, they are fined a penalty of eighty tumans or so, and yet the centres of corruption stay open. The cinemas have to stay open, the theatres also, they say the other centres of corruption have to remain open too - I'll not mention their names but the newspapers have written about them. These places have to stay open from morning till night, while all kinds of shops, including the bazaar, have to close. Tomorrow the government will apply the law to Qum as well, and will say that Qum requested this also, just as Tehran did. Qum also wanted this misfortune. These people who "requested" this will wake up in the morning and ask "when did we request this?" The government quickly writes about this supposed request, the newspapers also write about it. Some of these newspapers betray the country.

These centres of corruption remain open, Friday is made a holiday and they provide all kinds of bacchanalian pursuits for the young people at the threshold of their lives. God curse the traitors (the audience replies with amen). Ten years from now there will not be one virtuous youth left for this country, all of them will have been dragged into these centres of corruption.

I advise you gentlemen to make the country realise what is happening, make all those living in this country realise what is happening, in order to confront what they are doing with your youth and in order to stop them from taking your youth off you in droves you should hold religious meetings. On those Fridays that they want to entice the people into the centres of corruption, you should hold meetings in which you propagate religion, invite people to religion, invite them to do good and dissuade them from that which is evil. It is our duty to do this. You have to do this, if you do not, they will take your youth away from you. Organise some centres for these young people so they can receive guidance there, so they can be told about the state of affairs, so they can be told, as much as that organisation (SAVAK) allows them to be told,  about the corruption which is being established in this country. This holiday on Friday, observation of which is obligatory, is not to give the working class a day of rest, it has been made into a holiday for the reasons I gave above.

Perhaps, God willing, this is not their aim, but the outcome will still be the same. When the centres of corruption are open and everywhere else is closed, then naturally our youth will be enticed there. In these few weeks since they made Friday a holiday, the poor people, who need to go and earn some money for bread on this day and are not allowed to do so, have been made more impoverished, the youth, the fruit of the people, have been blighted. Go and see how the cinema has changed from one month ago. Perhaps there is some kind of collusion between those who propagate these things and the cinemas and centres of corruption. Perhaps they are getting something from these places to do this, otherwise, why wasn't some healthy form of entertainment first provided for the people? A legitimate, healthy form of entertainment should have been arranged for these poor people before the shop doors were closed, to attract them towards that. But you haven't done this, you've left the corruption centres open and you've closed the shop doors. You may not have had any bad intentions, but now I've told you what the outcome of your actions will be, and if after these words of mine reach the administrative centres in charge of this matter the situation remains the same, then it will be clear that there is malice involved, that yet another "order" has been given.

O God, awaken these people (Shouts of Amen {so be it} from the audience).

O God, humble the enemies of Islam (Amen).

O God, make the heads of Muslim countries aware of their duties (Amen).

O God, sever the hands of the imperialists (Amen).

O God, sever the hands of those who want to appropriate the wealth of this country through imperialism (Amen).

Peace be upon you, and also the mercy and blessings of God.

---

1-  In the existing recordings of the speeches, this prayer is recorded at the beginning of speech number eleven. However, from the point of view of style and content it is related to this speech. Some books such as Sahifa-yi Nur have included it in both speeches. Refer to Sura 39 Zumar (The Crowds), verse 18.

2-  The unpleasant events of 1962 (1341 AHS), 1963 (1342 AHS) and 1964 (1343 AHS), the problems and difficulties of the Islamic world, the anti-Islamic agreements made by the Shah's regime, and especially the tragedy of Khurdad 15 (June 5, 1963) all affected Imam greatly, both mentally and physically, and placed him under severe mental strain. Physical illness and the pains in his chest had bothered him for years. For further information on this subject refer to the book Barrasi va Tahlili az Nihzat-i Imam Khomeini. Vol. 1 pages 305-6.

3-  `Id al-Qurban.

4-  Referring to the Hindus. Hinduism is one of the religions of India whose followers are greater in number than those of any of the other religions in that country. The cow in Hinduism is held as being holy and sacred; to kill a cow and eat its meat is considered unlawful and a sin.

5-  After the assassination of the Prince of Austria and the declaration of war by the Austrian Empire on the government of Serbia in 1914, the First World War began between the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, joined later by Ottoman Turkey and Bulgaria) and the Allies (France, Britain, Russia, and minor European nations, joined later by Italy and America). The war ended in 1918 with the defeat of the forces of the Central Powers. The victors then proceeded to dismember the Ottoman Empire. All that has remained of the Turkish Ottoman empire, which had survived for five hundred and fifty years, is the present day state of Turkey.

6-  In the First World War, Mustafa Kemal, later Kemal Pasha 1881-1938 known as "Ataturk" (i.e. father-Turk) was the commander of forces of resistance at the Dardenelles. Incited by the British, Ataturk rebelled against the authority of the Ottoman government and eventually turned the constitutional Ottoman Sultanate into the republic of Turkey with himself as President. During his years as President, a post he held from 1923 until his death in 1938, Ataturk wielded almost dictatorial powers in his quest to westernise the new republic and in his battle with Islam. Separating religion from politics, which in effect eradicated the influence of religion; the unveiling of women; prohibiting the clerics from wearing their traditional clerical dress; changing the national script into Latin; closing down religious schools and mosques were just a few of the steps taken by Ataturk in his campaign against Islam.

7-  The conflict between the Muslim Turks and the Christian Greeks has its historical roots in Cyprus. From medieval times the island was ruled alternatively by the Christian Front and the Ottoman Empire (the Islamic Front). In 1878, according to the Treaty of Berlin, the Ottoman government, while preserving its rights and receiving an annual capitation in return, handed over administrative control of Cyprus to the British. In 1882, Britain established a governing council on the island made up of six English men, three Turks and nine Greeks. The greater number of Greeks on the council brought about the idea of union with Greece. In 1925, Cyprus was made a Crown Colony by the British. In 1960, it became an independent republic within the Commonwealth. The island's recent history has been dominated by tension between the two major communities, the Christian Greek Cypriots and the Muslim Turkish Cypriots over the Greek Cypriots desire for union with Greece. The problem has still not been solved.

8-  Verse 13, Sura Hujurat (The Inner Apartments).

9-  Here "Triple Alliance" refers to the CENTO agreement. In 1964, at the time of Hasan `Ali Mansur's premiership, the Shah suggested the formation of a grouping within CENTO, and America welcomed the idea. The agreement for the formation of the Regional Co-operation for Development organisation (RCD) was concluded by the heads of Iran, Turkey and Pakistan. Led by Iran, the RCD was introduced as a non-military organisation; Afghanistan and the sheikhdoms in the Persian Gulf were also expected to join it. This organisation split the Islamic countries at a sensitive time in Middle Eastern politics.

10-  Addressed to the heads of the Islamic countries.

11-  Habib Sabet Pasal, who for years was the owner and head of the Iranian television. He was one of the main figures in international Zionism. Refer to footnote 36 of Speech 11.

12-  "Worse than a Jew" meaning in his animosity towards Islam.

13-  Asadullah `Alam and the previous government.

14-  Hasan `Ali Mansur, the Prime Minister at the time, and the new government.

15-  Refer to footnote 9 of this speech.

16-  In the Ittila`at newspaper of December 25, 1963 (Dey 4, 1342 AHS) it was reported that in the villages in the south of Iran there were no doctors or drinking water, and in one of the villages most of the people had lost their sight because of a lack of adequate sanitation.

 

17-  Gustav Lebon (1841-1931), a French doctor, sociologist and historian who was also the author of a number of literary works. His most important work The Civilisation of Islam and the Arabs was published in 1884 in French. He travelled widely in Arabia and other Islamic countries.

18-  The Vatican, the official residence of the pope, is an independent papal state in Rome, the seat of government of the Roman Catholic Church and one of the greatest Christian spiritual centres in the world. It has its own flag, anthem, postal service, stamps, radio station and police force which is formed by Swiss youths. St. Peter's Basilica, the largest Roman Catholic church, the Lateran Palace and the Castle Gandolfo villa all fall under papal authority

19-  Xenomaniacs: those infatuated with foreign and especially Western models of culture. This is a translation of the Persian term, gharbzadaha, popularised by Jalal Al-i Ahmad in his book Gharbzadagi {Xenomania}.

20-  The followers of an Indian prince, Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, who founded the religion of Buddhism in north east India in the 5th century BC. The teachings of Buddha

overshadowed "Hinduism" in India for a long period, but eventually its influence waned in that country and it spread to other countries. Buddhism is one of the great religions of the world with over 500 million followers, who live mainly in the Far East.

21-  Refer to footnote 49 of Speech 11.

22-  The Iran Novin party was formed by Hasan `Ali Mansur and a group of Iranians educated in America and Europe under the directorship of "Rockwell", the charge d'affairs of the US Embassy in Iran, for the purpose of carrying out the policies of Kennedy in Iran. The role of this party was to guard the Shah-People Revolution and to implement its principles. Iran Novin had the most seats in the government and Parliament, and high officials with key posts were members. With the assassination of Hasan `Ali Mansur, Ataullah Khosravani took his place as Secretary General of the party. The Iran Novin party was dissolved after the formation of the "Rastakhiz" or National Resurgence Party when the Shah finished his charade of a party system and a one party system was officially acknowledged in the country. Refer to Az Zuhur ta Sugut page 207 and The Spy Nest Documents, Vol. 7, page 103.

23-  Imam is referring to the comments made by Hasan `Ali Mansur (the then Prime Minister) who said in a meeting of the members of the central committee of the Iran Novin party on August 26, 1964 (Shahrivar 4, 1343 AHS): "Fortunately, in this brief period of time, the advocates of the Iran Novin party have been able to establish their ideas in the most remote areas of the country and amongst people of all classes of society and bring them together under one banner.....Our party has been established in the hearts of the villages and has penetrated into the heart of the centres of the working class." Khurasan newspaper, August 27, 1964.

24-  "Land Reform" was one of the main principles of neo-colonialism which was urged on all the countries under the dominance of colonialism, from Latin America to Asia and Africa, and was implemented by the governments of these countries in a very similar manner. In 1962 (1342 AHS), the

Shah launched the land reform programme as the first tenet of his six-point "White Revolution", later renamed the "Shah-People Revolution." This "Revolution" was not a revolution at all, rather it was put into effect on the one hand to win the confidence of American capitalism; to show his approval of and co-operation with the new strategy; to open a new market for the Western economy, and on the other to curb internal discontent and actually prevent a revolution! The reform programme, which was dependent on foreign, especially American investment, dragged the Iranian agrarian economy into bankruptcy, such that a few years after its implementation the country had been changed from a wheat exporter to a major wheat importer. In addition, as a result of the migration of villagers into the towns and cities and their attraction as a cheap work force to the industries and the service sector, over a period of eleven years from 1966-1977 (1345-56 AHS), 20,000 Iranian villages became uninhabited! Refer to Farhang-i Danestaniha, page 239 and Tarikh-i Novin-i Iran, page 219.

25-  Also the fertile, water-abundant lands of Qazvin were in the hands of the Israelis for creating modern farming corporations. All of the fertile lands of Khurasan province around the Bujnourd road to Mashhad were owned by Houjabre Yazdani who exploited those lands through his "Houjabre Yazdani Farming and Industry Company."

26-  At the conference of Arab heads of state, which was held on September 5, 1964 in Egypt, in addition to discussing the differences that Egypt had with Yemen and Saudi Arabia, and the aims which each of the Arab governments had in their relationship with the newly established Palestinian Liberation Organization (which formally announced its existence in 1964), the most important matter discussed was how to divert the sources of the river Jordan in order to forestall the Israelis' irrigation scheme. The Israelis had at that time completed the work needed to enable them to divert some of the waters of the river Jordan, which runs through Syria, Occupied Palestine and Jordan, to irrigate the Negev Desert. The disagreement between the Arab countries was so intense that at the beginning of the conference the open session was closed and the heated discussions carried on behind closed doors. The conference eventually ended with no results.

27-  Imam here is referring to the change in the method of swearing in the army personnel. According to the formal pledge of allegiance in use at that time, all of the army personnel, after a few months of training and after receiving their ranks, had to take an oath on the Holy Qur'an that they would be the guardians and protectors of the integrity of the country and the independence of the state etc. At the time of Imam's anti-Israeli struggle, the Shah, prompted by America, changed the words of the oath from "I swear on the Holy Qur'an" to "I swear on the Holy Book." With this change, he lay the way open for Zionism to enter the Iranian army and occupy the sensitive posts. Refer to the book Barrasi va Tahlili az Nihzat-i Imam Khomeini, Vol. 1, page 695.

28-  After Imam's warning, the regime sent a representative to him. The representative claimed that the news that the words of the pledge of allegiance had been changed had no foundation. Imam asked the government to formally announce that a change had not been made, consequently, in an interview on Radio Iran with one of the army heads on the evening of September 8, 1964 (Shahrivar 17, 1343 AHS), it was categorically denied that the oath had been changed.

29-  The Shah.

30-  In 1852, three followers of Mirza `Ali Muhammad of Shiraz (1819?-1850), the founder of the Babi religious eclectic sect in Iran, made another attempt on the life of Nasir al-Din Shah. Declaring himself to be the expected 12th Imam (Mahdi) long awaited by the Shi'i Muslims as the herald of the manifestation of God's will, Mirza `Ali Muhammad, known as the Bab (gateway), commanded the Shah of Iran, his subjects and even the kings and princes of the earth to follow him. During the short ministry of the Bab (1844-1850), Iran witnessed serious risings by his followers. In 1848, the Babis embarked on a series of revolts; the first in Mazandaran lasted from December 1848 to July 1849. It was followed by a second in Zanjan (May-December 1850) and a third in Nayriz. An attempt was also made on the life of the Friday Prayer leader in Tehran in a bid to seize the central positions of the country. The Babis, who were foiled in all their attempts, met with persecution and prejudice wherever they went in the country.

31-  In 1850, the Bab, who had been arrested in 1847, was executed in Tabriz on the orders of Amir Kabir, the Shah's Prime Minister, and on the religious decree {fatwa} of the country's religious authorities. One of his devoted disciples, Mirza Husayn `Ali Nuri (1817-1892), known as Bahaullah, continued the Bab's teachings and in April 1863, he announced himself to be the new leader foretold by the Bab, henceforth his followers became known as Baha'is. The followers of Bahaullah consider him to be the cofounder with the Bab of their faith and believe him to be a messenger of God, a "divine manifestation." In 1880, Bahaullah took up residence near Haifa in present day Israel which is today the location of the administrative centre of the Baha'i community; he died there in 1892 following a short illness. The leadership of the Baha'i community then passed to his eldest son `Abbas Effendi (1844-1921) who adopted the name `Abdul Baha. In Iran, 'Abdul Baha co-operated closely with both military and non-military British personnel, and in 1920 he was knighted by the British government. Upon his death, his body was buried on Mount Carmel the site of the shrine containing the remains of the Bab,

overlooking the city of Haifa. In his will, `Abdul Baha named as his successor his eldest grandson Shoghi Effendi Rabbani (1899-1957). The third leader of the Baha'is worked resolutely for the perpetuation of Baha'ism, overseeing the creation of its administrative and educational institutions and establishing an international organisation known as the "Universal House of Justice" which is the seat of its governing body and is also situated in Haifa, Israel. A Baha'i community was set up in the United States in 1912, and in 1953, a temple was completed in Wilmette, Illinois. Effendi chose as his successor an American, Charles Mason Rimi, who worked closely with him in his plans for the establishment of a Baha'i government. In 1957, Effendi travelled to Britain and died, in mysterious circumstances, only one week after entering London. Charles Mason Rimi, the son of a bishop, took his place calling himself the "Shepherd" of the Baha'is. An insurrection which was started in Shiraz ended up as an established religio-politico organisation in Israel and the US!

32-  A ministry entrusted with government supervision of estates in mortmain.

33-  Sayyid Hasan Mudarris [1859-1938] was one of the greatest religious and political figures in the recent history of Iran. He received his elementary education in Isfahan and then travelled to the cities of the holy shrines (the cities of Iraq where certain of the imams are buried: Najaf, Karbala and Kazimayn, and to a certain extent some others) where he received further education from such scholars as Mulla Muhammad Kazem Khorasani and, after graduation to the level of ijtihad, he returned to Isfahan and began teaching Islamic jurisprudence {fiqh} and principles {usul}. In 1909, at the time of the Second National Assembly, he entered Parliament having been chosen by the maraji`-i taqlid and the `ulama of Najaf as one of the five mujtahids who were to oversee the law-making procedures. At the time of the Third National Assembly, he was chosen as a member of Parliament. When Riza Khan carried out his coup d'etat, Mudarris was arrested and sent into exile, but after being freed he was again chosen by the people and again entered Parliament. In the Fourth National Assembly, he headed the opposition majority against Riza Khan. At the time of the Fifth and Sixth National Assemblies, he opposed the proposal for the establishment of a republic, which Riza Khan was in favour of, to replace the constitutional government, and he dissuaded the Parliament from approving it. He was resolute in his stand against the stubborn Riza Khan, such that the Shah hired an assassin to kill Mudarris and when he escaped the attempt, he sent him first into exile in the remote town of Khaf near the Afghan border, and later in Kashmar, where eleven years later in Ramadan 1938, the agents of the Shah poisoned him. In this way, one of the greatest political and religious personalities of Iran was martyred in the way of Allah. Mudarris possessed outstanding qualities, and even though he was a man of great political and religious influence, he lived very simply. Imam Khomeini always spoke of him with a great deal of respect. The leader of the revolution, on the occasion of the renovation of Mudarris's grave, wrote: "At a time when pens were broken, voices silenced and throats gripped, he never ceased from revealing the truth and abolishing falsehood....this feeble scholar, weak in body but strong in a spirit joyful from belief, sincerity and truth and possessing a tongue like the sword of Haydar Karar (Imam `Ali) stood in front of them and shouted out the truth and disclosed the crimes, making life difficult for Riza Khan and blackening his days. Finally, he sacrificed his own pure life in the way of dear Islam and the noble nation, and was martyred in exile at the hands of the oppressive Shah's executioner and joined his virtuous forefathers."
For further information on Imam's views on Mudarris see Imam's historic decree dated September 19, 1984 (Shahrivar 18, 1363 AHS). (Sahifa-yi Nur, Vol. 9, p. 66).

34-  In his history book, Tabari describes the meeting of Rab`i ibn A`amer, one of the three representatives of the Muslim armies, with Rustam, the commander of the Yazdagird army, before the al-Qadisiyah battle: Rab`i set off to Rustam's camp and those who were on the bridge stopped him while they sent somebody to Rustam to inform him of Rab`i's arrival. Rustam discussed his arrival with the Persian leaders and asked what they thought they should do, give a display of wealth and refinement or

simply disregard him. All of them were in favour of the latter, so they brought all kinds of ornaments, silk cloth and carpets to adorn the room, omitting nothing. They set a golden chair in place for Rustam and decorated it and laid down carpets and spread cushions woven with gold. Rab`i arrived, riding on his small horse. He carried with him a sharp, shiny sword in a sheath made from a piece of material taken from old clothes. His spear was cracked and his shield was made of cow hide which had red leather on it which resembled bread. He carried his bow and arrows with him and when he got near Rustam, where the carpets were spread, they told them to dismount, but he rode his horse on the carpets and then he dismounted and he fastened his horse to two of the cushions, ripping them. They could not stop him so they pretended not to see him. He knew what they were trying to do and wanted to annoy them. He wore a chain-mail which seemed to be made of knitted hair. His kaftan was made from the cloth he used to cover his camel and which he had torn and put on himself. His belt was fastened with bark from a tree and he wore a head band which was part of his camel's rope. They said to him: "Lay down your sword." He said: "I did not come here upon your orders, so why should I lay down my sword? You invited me here and now if you do not accept me as I am, then I'll go back." They reported this to Rustam and he said: "Let him come to me; he's alone isn't he?" Rab`i went forward and as he did so he used his spear, which had a sharp point, as a kind of walking stick, taking small steps and making a hole in all the carpets as he went. There were no carpets or silk cloth which weren't torn or ruined. When he got close to Rustam the guards forced him to sit on the floor; he pushed his spear into the carpet and when they asked him why he had done this, he said: "I do not wish to sit on your adornments." Rustam asked him: "Why have you come here?" He answered: "God has created us and he has brought us here to take whomever He wants away from worshipping the servants of God to worshipping Him, from the poverty of this world to the wealth, and from the oppression of the religions to the justice of Islam. He has sent us to the people with his religion so that we can invite them to accept God's religion; whoever accepts us, we will accept him, and we will return and leave him with his country to rule it, and whoever rejects us we will fight him all the time until we attain God's promise." He asked: "What is God's promise?" Rab`i answered: "Heaven for those who get killed in the war with unbelievers and victory for those who remain." Refer to Tarikh-i Tabari (Tabari's History), Vol. 5, pp. 1690-1692.

35-  Khurasan newspaper reported on September 1, 1964 (Shahrivar 10, 1344 AHS): "There is talk that the Endowment Organisation is to be separated completely from the organisation of the Ministry of Culture. It has been known for some time now that a new ministry with the name of the Endowment Ministry is to be established." (The State Security and Intelligence Organisation (SAVAK) of the Shah's regime)

36-  On the day that Imam was due to deliver this speech, a few thousand commandos and soldiers were sent to Qum on buses of the National Bus Company in an attempt to intimidate him. They surrounded the A`zam Mosque (where Imam was to deliver his speech), Fayziya Madrasa, Astaneh Square, the court-yard of the holy mausoleum of Hazrat Ma`suma and other sensitive centres of the city.

37-  It was announced to all shops by the government that according to the law, working on Friday was prohibited.

38-  As Imam pointed out, the merchants were also against the obligatory holiday and this was reflected in some of the regime's local media. Khurasan newspaper wrote on September 6, 1964 (Shahrivar 15, 1343 AHS): "As was predicted, the law obliging shops to close on Friday was not implemented as expected; especially last Friday when most of the shops in Tehran were open."